Linux and Windows have some similar
Linux and Windows in the discussion of how different, let us first take a look at what these two similarities.
Users and Groups
Linux and Windows are multi-user operating system. Can be made up of many different users to use for each user their own environment and resources. Based on user identity to control security. To group members can be a way to control access to resources, so that a larger number of users can not set permissions for each account.
Users and groups can be centrally managed, so that multiple servers share the same user and the authentication data.
File System
Linux and Windows both support multiple file systems. File resources by NetBIOS, FTP or other protocols to share with other clients. Can be very flexible file system on each separate organized by the administrator to determine where they can be accessed in what manner.
Ports and equipment
Both operating systems support a variety of physical device ports, such as parallel, serial and USB interfaces. Support a variety of controllers, such as IDE and SCSI controllers. Linux also supports a lot of "just listed" standard hardware.
Network
Linux and Windows both support multiple network protocols such as TCP / IP, NetBIOS and IPX. Support multiple types of network adapters. All have the ability to share resources through the network, such as file and print sharing. Can provide network service capabilities, such as DHCP and DNS.
Service
Linux and Windows are providing services. The so-called services, refers to those applications running in the background, can call the service system and the remote computer to provide some functionality. At system boot time can be individually controlled and automatically start these programs. (Note: Linux in the Unix follows the habit of saying that the application for the daemon)
Linux and Windows, different
Although there are some similarities, but the way Windows and Linux work, or there are some fundamental differences. These differences only after you are familiar with both can understand, but they are the core of Linux ideas.
Linux application goal is a network instead of printing
When Windows first appeared, the world was a world of paper. Windows is one of the great achievements of your work can easily see and print them out. Such a start affecting the later development of Windows.
Similarly, Linux has been the impact of its origin. Linux design located in the network operating system. Its design was inspired by the Unix operating system, so it is relatively simple design of the order, or is relatively simple. As plain text across the network can be a very good job, so Linux configuration files and data are text-based.
For those familiar with the graphical environment of people, Linux server at first sight may be more primitive. However, more attention to Linux developers is its intrinsic features rather than on the surface of things. Even in the plain text of the environment, Linux also has a very advanced network, scripts, and security capabilities. Required to perform some tasks in some strange looks on the surface step is puzzling, unless you know that Linux is expected on the network collaboration with other Linux systems to perform these tasks. Linux's ability to automatically implement strong batch files only need to design the system can automatically complete a very detailed tasks. Linux, this ability comes from its text-based nature.
Optional GUI
Linux with a graphical component. Linux support for high-end graphics adapters and monitors, fully qualified graphic related work. Now, many digital effects artist in Linux workstation up to their design work, whereas previously these need to complete the IRIX system. However, the graphical environment is not integrated into Linux, but running on a separate layer in the system. This means that you can just run the GUI, or when needed to run GUI. If your system is the main task is to provide Web application, then you can be stopped graphical interface, but will they use memory and CPU 资源 for your service. If you need to do some work under the GUI environment, you can re-open it, turn it off after work is completed.
Linux has a graphical management tool, as well as everyday office tools such as email, web browser and document processing tools. However, in Linux, the graphical management tool is usually the console (command line) tool extensions. That is, a graphical tool to complete all the work, the same can be done with the console command. Similarly, the use of graphical tools does not prevent you manually modify configuration files. Its practical significance may not be particularly obvious, but if the graphical management tool in any work done to the command line can be accomplished, which said that the work can also be achieved by a script. Script of commands can be automated task. Linux supports both ways, does not require you to use only text or only GUI. You can choose according to your needs the best.
Linux in the configuration file is human readable text file, which is the last of Windows INI files in a similar, but with the Windows registry mechanisms have essentially different ideas. Each application has its own configuration file, but usually not with the other configuration files together. However, most of the configuration files are stored in a directory tree (/ etc) under a single place, so it looks like they are logically together. Configuration text file system makes no special tools through to complete the backup configuration files, checking and editing.
File name extension
Linux does not use file name extensions to identify file types. On the contrary, Linux according to the contents of the file header to identify its type. In order to improve human readability you can still use the file name extension, but on Linux systems that do not have any effect. However, there are some applications, such as Web servers, may use the naming convention to identify the file type, but this is only the requirements of specific applications rather than the Linux system itself.
Linux file access permissions through the files to determine whether the executable file. Any executable file can be given permission, so that programs and scripts to the creator or administrator can identify them as executable file. This is conducive to safety. Save to executable files on the system can not automatically, so you can prevent many script viruses.
Reboot is a last resort
If you use Windows for a long time, you may have used a variety of reasons (from software installation to correct the service failure) and reboot the system. Thought in Linux you need to change this habit. Linux, in essence, more to follow, "Newton's laws of motion." Once running, it will remain running until the influence by external factors, such as hardware failure. In fact, Linux system design allows the application will not lead to the collapse of the kernel, so do not always re-boot (with Windows System in relative terms). So in addition to Linux kernel, other software, installation, start, stop and re-configuration do not have to reboot the system.
If you do re-boot a Linux system, the problem may not be resolved, but also make the problem worse. To learn and master Linux run-level services and the key to a successful solution. Learning Linux is the most difficult habit to overcome reboot the system.
In addition, you can remotely complete Linux in a lot of work. As long as there are some basic network services running, you can access to that system. Moreover, if the system in a particular service problems, you can fault diagnosis during the same time allow other services to continue running. When you are in a system when running multiple services, such management is very important.
Command is case sensitive
All Linux commands and options are case-sensitive. For example,-R and-r is different will do different things. Console commands are almost always lower case. We will be in the "Part 2. Console crash course" on command for more detail.
How can I locate Linux?
Management of Linux from Windows to manage the change is very troublesome. However, as a Windows administrator, you have your own advantage. Way to calculate your understanding of the work is still available. Linux can become a successful manager will depend on your understanding of the differences between the two and the operation of customary adjustments.
Linux compared to Windows, many changes are beneficial. Free GUI overhead is returned to service. Tasks can be scripted and can be run automatically. Text-based configuration files and human readable. In most cases, do not reboot the system. In fact, you should suppress the urge to reboot the system.